Prompting technique

First-Principles Reasoning Prompting

Structured Moral Reasoning in Language Models: A Value-Grounded Evaluation Framework, arXiv:2506.14948 (2025) · read the paper

What it does

A method that forces a language model to break down a problem into basic indisputable facts and fundamental values, then construct a logical chain of reasoning from these first principles to a final conclusion. This allows avoiding superficial associations and obtaining deeper, more substantiated analysis of complex situations.

Task typereasoning
Shapechain of thought
Efforttwo or three steps
Addressesthe same prompt giving different answers; answers that are close but wrong; invented facts and citations
Published2025-06-17
AuthorsMohna Chakraborty, Lu Wang, David Jurgens

When it helps

Apply this technique when solving complex moral dilemmas, strategic business decisions, or any tasks where there is no single correct answer. Particularly effective in situations requiring deep analysis and well-founded conclusions rather than superficial template answers. Suitable for cases where reasoning logic transparency is important and you need to avoid bias or stereotypical solutions. Ideal for consultants, analysts, and managers making responsible decisions based on multiple factors.

A prompt you can paste

Generic by design: it applies the technique without knowing your task. Adapt the marked parts.

Prompt
You are an AI assistant tasked with evaluating ethical dilemmas using a structured, first-principles reasoning approach.

# Context

The user will provide a specific ethical dilemma. The dilemma will involve a situation with potentially conflicting values or outcomes.

# Task

Analyze the provided ethical dilemma by applying the "First-Principles Reasoning" methodology. Your goal is to produce a reasoned, value-grounded evaluation, rather than a superficial or opinion-based response.

# Methodology: First-Principles Reasoning

To ensure a robust and logical analysis, follow these steps rigorously:

1.  **Deconstruct the Dilemma:**
    *   Identify the core ethical conflict(s) at play. What are the fundamental tensions between different values or duties?
    *   Break down the situation into its most basic, undeniable facts or axioms. What do we know for certain, free from interpretation or assumption?

2.  **Identify Fundamental Values and Goals:**
    *   Determine the core ethical principles or values that are relevant to this specific dilemma. Consider universal ethical frameworks if applicable (e.g., utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, ethics of care), but focus on the *specific values* at stake in *this* situation.
    *   What are the ultimate goals or desired outcomes for all parties involved, or for the system/society at large?

3.  **Construct Reasoning from First Principles:**
    *   Build a logical chain of reasoning starting *only* from the identified facts/axioms (Step 1) and fundamental values/goals (Step 2).
    *   Explicitly state how each step in your reasoning logically follows from the preceding ones, grounded in these first principles.
    *   Avoid relying on common heuristics, analogies, or pre-existing societal norms unless they are directly derived from the first principles you've established for this dilemma.

4.  **Formulate a Value-Grounded Conclusion:**
    *   Based on the reasoning derived from first principles, present a conclusion or recommendation.
    *   Clearly explain *why* this conclusion is the logical outcome of the first-principles analysis.

# Output Format

Present your analysis in the following structured format:

## Dilemma:
[Restate the user's provided dilemma here]

## 1. Deconstruction:
### Core Conflicts:
- [List of core ethical conflicts]
### Basic Facts/Axioms:
- [List of undeniable facts]

## 2. Fundamental Values & Goals:
### Relevant Values:
- [List of specific values at play]
### Desired Outcomes:
- [List of ultimate goals]

## 3. Reasoning from First Principles:
[Detailed step-by-step logical derivation, explicitly referencing facts and values from Steps 1 & 2.]

## 4. Conclusion:
### Recommendation:
[Your reasoned conclusion or recommendation]
### Justification:
[Explanation of how the conclusion logically stems from the first-principles reasoning.]

---

**Example Placeholder:**
When the user provides a dilemma, replace the bracketed placeholders above with the specific analysis of that dilemma.

If this one does not fit, the two closest alternatives in the corpus are Anti-Bias Prompting and Tabular Prompting, which target the same failure from a different angle.

Worked example

The same technique applied to a concrete job: work through a multi-step planning problem. Use it as the pattern for your own case rather than as a finished artefact.

Worked example
You are an expert in structured moral reasoning and value-based decision-making. Your task is to analyze a complex situation by applying the "First-Principles Reasoning" methodology, breaking it down to fundamental axioms and building a logical conclusion from there.

# Context

The user is facing a decision about changing jobs. They are currently a web designer at Company "A" for 3 years and feel they have reached a plateau. They have received an offer from Company "B" for an "Art Director" position.

**Current Job (Company "A"):**
- Salary: 150,000 RUB
- Responsibilities: 90% hands-on web design and application design.
- Team: Very friendly, comfortable atmosphere.
- Prospects: Minimal growth opportunities.

**New Offer (Company "B"):**
- Salary: 220,000 RUB
- Responsibilities: 70% managing a team of designers, 30% developing creative concepts.
- Team: Unknown.
- Prospects: Potential to grow into Creative Director.

# Task

Analyze the user's situation and help them decide whether to accept the offer from Company "B".

# Methodology: First-Principles Reasoning

To ensure a thorough, personalized, and non- шаблонный analysis, you must strictly adhere to the following reasoning framework:

1.  **Identify User's First Principles (Fundamental Values & Goals):**
    *   **Principle 1: Financial Stability & Growth.** How important is immediate income growth to the user?
    *   **Principle 2: Professional Development.** What is the user's priority for the next 2-3 years: deepening hands-on design expertise or developing management/leadership skills?
    *   **Principle 3: Work Environment & Predictability.** How critical is a comfortable, known team atmosphere versus the potential for a new, possibly less predictable, environment?

2.  **Analyze Each Offer Through the Lens of These Principles:**
    *   For each principle, evaluate how Company "A" and Company "B" align with or contradict it. Be specific.

3.  **Formulate the Final Conclusion:**
    *   Based on the principle-by-principle analysis, provide a clear recommendation.
    *   Explain the logical chain of reasoning that led to this recommendation, explicitly referencing how the principles were weighed and applied.

# Output Format

Present your analysis in the following structure:

## First Principles Identification
*   [List the identified principles with brief explanations]

## Analysis of Company "A" vs. Principles
*   **Principle 1 (Financial):** [Alignment/Contradiction]
*   **Principle 2 (Development):** [Alignment/Contradiction]
*   **Principle 3 (Environment):** [Alignment/Contradiction]

## Analysis of Company "B" vs. Principles
*   **Principle 1 (Financial):** [Alignment/Contradiction]
*   **Principle 2 (Development):** [Alignment/Contradiction]
*   **Principle 3 (Environment):** [Alignment/Contradiction]

## Synthesis and Recommendation
*   **Weighing the Principles:** [Discuss how the principles might be prioritized or balanced]
*   **Final Recommendation:** [State clearly whether to accept or decline the offer]
*   **Reasoning:** [Detailed explanation of the logic, connecting back to the principles and analysis]

Get this written for your actual task

Paste what you are trying to do and the corpus will be matched against it directly. Free, no account, about ten seconds.

Free · no signup · ~10s
0.00match confidence
single retrieval pass
Prompt for your task

      

That number is low on purpose, and it is real. It is the raw similarity of one retrieval pass: no specialist read the paper, no judge compared anything, the first plausible match won.

6,235techniques in the corpus
one of which is this page

Picking the right one for a specific task is the work, and it is the work GetDecision does.

This pageone technique, generic prompt
What you just ranone technique matched to your wording, nothing verified
Full runten specialists read the papers in full, a judge ranks the top three for your task and shows its reasoning, generation on the model you pick, saved to your history

See the top three for your taskTen specialists, a judge, and the reasoning shown. Free account, first run included.

Run the full analysis

Related techniques

Anti-Bias PromptingThe technique of neutral prompt formulation that excludes cognitive biases and user prejudice. Essence: avoid …Tabular PromptingA method of presenting data as a markdown table before submitting a request to an LLM. The tabular structure h…Multilingual Ensemble PromptingThe method involves translating a complex query into 3-4 different languages, obtaining separate answers from …Debate-to-Detect (D2D) / Multi-Agent Structured DebateThe method transforms an analysis task into structured debates between multiple AI agents with opposite roles.…

All techniques · Failure modes and fixes